Browse exam questions.
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Which of the following are characteristic of hemolytic-uremic syndrome?
1) thrombocytopenia;
2) elevated serum creatinine concentration;
3) thrombocytosis;
4) anemia;
5) presence of schistocytes in peripheral blood;
6) presence of lymphoblasts in peripheral blood.
The correct answer is:
What is not characteristic of iron deficiency anemia?
A 62-year-old patient with arterial hypertension and type 2 diabetes presents at his family doctor office because of a retrosternal stabbing pain that occurs after going upstairs to the first floor. The symptoms started about 6 weeks ago. Medical examination shows no significant abnormalities. The ECG records regular sinus rhythm 70/min without changes within ST segment or T wave. Indicate the correct management of this patient:
An 28-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital complaining of diffuse abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting accompanied by constipation, all of which occurred after drinking two glasses of wine. Additionally she was febrile, complained of increased sweating, had problems with urination, felt dizzy and feared. There were no symptoms of anemia. In the differential diagnostics the crucial question should be:
The loudest murmur related to mitral insufficiency is located:
A 28-year-old patient with no serious medical history presents at family doctor office because of fatigue increasing for the last week, nocturia and edemas of the lower limbs during the day. On physical examination normal blood pressure and edema in the ankle regions are noted. The most probable diagnosis suggested by the described clinical picture is:
Complete blood count: WBC 4,1 G/L, LY 0,91 G/L, MO 0,18 G/L, NE 2,81 G/L, RBC 2,16 T/L, Hgb 8,6 g/dL, MCV 119,0 fl, PLT 182 G/L suggests the diagnosis of:
Acronym CRAB designates:
Question cancelled by CEM In acute renal failure, an urgent indication for dialysis is:
Antinuclear antibodies specific for Scl-70 antigen are present in patients with:
A 20-year-old male complains of pain and morning rigidity in the backbone that diminish after exercises. Laboratory tests show ESR = 44 mm/h, CRP = 23 mg/L, rheumatoid factor absent, HLA B27 antigen present. For the last 2 years he has complained of recurrent inflammation and swelling of the left knee. His medical history reveals also recurrent uveitis and Achilles tendinitis. The described clinical picture suggests the diagnosis of:
Which of the following diseases most frequently accompanies primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC)?
Which of the following is not a risk factor for chronic pancreatitis?
Which of the following is the most common localization of bacterial infections in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis?
The chronic cough is defined as:
Which of the following factors increase the risk of community-acquired pneumonia?
1) poor oral hygiene and dental caries;
2) chronic spondyloarthropathy;
3) elderly age;
4) work in an air-conditioned room;
5) glucocorticoid administration.
The correct answer is:
Which of the following is not an indication for liver biopsy?
Inferior wall ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in a 48-year-old male can be recognized in the case of a typical chest pain and persistent ST-segment elevation in J point of ≥ 0.1 mV in leads:
Alfa-fetoprotein is a laboratory indicator of:
The most common clinical sign of pulmonary embolism is:
Which of the following is an absolute contraindication to lumbar puncture?
Indicate the true statement concerning the rules and time in the treatment for chronic hepatitis B:
Pheochromocytoma can have a genetic background. Which of the following clinical data suggest germinal mutation in the patient with pheochromocytoma?
1) tumor diagnosed at the age of 17;
2) bilateral tumors;
3) coexisting hyperparathyroidism;
4) patient with the history of papillary thyroid cancer;
5) paroxysmal hypertension.
The correct answer is:
Which of the following is the target value of LDL cholesterol in a patient with a high risk of cardiovascular death?
Right hemiparesis for 3 hours, 95% stenosis of left carotid artery in the ultrasound, normal CT image of the head. Choose the right procedure:
An identification of numerous neutrophils and sodium urate crystals in synovial fluid suggests the diagnosis of:
Which medications are preferred in the treatment of asthma as drugs controlling the course of the disease?
A 72-year-old patient complains of palpitations for the last 3 days, chest pain and dyspnea. He has never been treated cardiologically. HR 150/min, RR 100/60 mmHg, SaO 96% while receiving oxygen therapy with the flow rate of 10 L/min. On auscultation there are crepitations at the base of both lungs. ECG shows: (AF) Indicate the optimal treatment apart from heparin administration:
A 60-year-old patient with diabetes, arterial hypertension and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation presents at the ER because of a chest pain. Laboratory tests show increased levels of cardiac troponins. The cause of his complains may be:
1) unstable angina;
2) dissecting aneurysm of the aorta;
3) atrial fibrillation with ventricular tachycardia;
4) decompensated cardiac failure;
5) pulmonary embolism;
6) NSTEMI;
7) stroke;
8) gastroesophageal reflux disease and chronic kidney disease.
The correct answer is:
A 58-year-old man otherwise healthy, not treated for any chronic diseases complains of chronic constipation. He was admitted to the hospital because of stools with fresh blood that occurred two days prior to the admission. His general clinical state was good. Blood pressure 135/65 mmHg, HR 84/min. Body temperature 36.6 °C, BMI 31 kg/m . He underwent screening colonoscopy at the age of 55, in which colon diverticula were diagnosed. Indicate the most probable cause of GI bleeding:
A patient presenting symptoms of acute heart failure class II according to Forrester hemodynamic classification was referred to the cardiac intensive care unit. What kind of treatment will be the most appropriate?
Orthopnoea in a patient with left ventricular insufficiency typically starts:
A 34-year-old patient complains of nausea and pressure-like sensation behind the sternum, especially after solid meals. The symptoms occur intermittently for 3 years, mainly in summer and autumn. He underwent the standard treatment for gastroesophageal reflux disease but without any improvement. He was diagnosed with asthma in the childhood. The gastroscopy revealed no macroscopic lesions and biopsy of the esophageal mucosa was performed. Which of the following is the most probable cause of the symptoms?
Kussmaul breathing is observed in the intoxication with:
Which of the following is not characteristic of typical angina?
In which clinical circumstances a decrease in the diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) is observed?
1) interstitial pulmonary fibrosis;
2) alveolar hemorrhage;
3) well-controlled asthma;
4) pulmonary emphysema;
5) severe perfusion disturbances (e.g. pulmonary embolism).
The correct answer is:
Hepatitis A (anti-HAV IgM) IgM antibodies in children:
Indicate the true statement concerning tuberculosis in children:
The main features of WAGR syndrome are:
The syndrome inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, with the phenotype most similar to Turner syndrome (short stature, short neck, low ears), and with additional pulmonary artery stenosis and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is:
In the case of autosomal recessive disease the risk of the disease in the offspring of the parents who are both ill is:
Mitochondrial disease is transmitted to the offspring:
A 5-year-old boy is brought to the physician because of a 2-day history of fever and painful swelling of the left ankle. In the past he had recurrent cervical lymphadenitis caused by catalase-positive staphylococcus and was hospitalized twice because of pneumonia. Nitroblue tetrazolium blood test shows no color change. Which of the following is the most likely mechanism of the disorder?
Phakomatoses do not include:
A 10-year-old child was referred to the out-patient pulmonary clinic because of a chronic cough and recurrent respiratory tract infections, usually occurring with an expectoration of purulent sputum. The medical history shows meconium ileus after the birth and a small body weight gain. The episodes of steatorrhea are also present. Which of the following is the most probable diagnosis?
Indicate the false statement concerning respiratory function tests in children:
Which of the following signs and symptoms is not typical of iron-deficiency anemia?
Indicate the true statement concerning bronchitis in children:
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome is associated with an increased risk of developing:
The serum glycemia level of 156 mg/dl in the 120 minute of the OGTT in a child is interpreted as:
Which of the following hormones are released from the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland?
A thirteen-year-old boy has been complaining for several weeks of abdominal pain and black stools. What test should be performed first?
Which of the following concerning pertussis is false?
Which of the following is not a functional gastrointestinal disorder according to the Rome III classification?
Indicate the false statement concerning impetigo:
Which complication does not occur in patients after liver transplantation?
Because of suspected hypothyroidism the physician ordered the measurement of TSH and fT4 levels. TSH was elevated and fT4 was within limits. What diagnosis should be formulated considering there laboratory findings?
Which of the following tests may be used to assess the efficacy of Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy without the need to perform endoscopy?
1) serological test with the quantitative measurement of IgG antibodies against Helicobacter pylori;
2) breath test with urea traced with C13;
3) examination of Helicobacter pylori antigen in stool;
4) urease test (CLO-test);
5) histological examination of gastric mucosa.
The correct answer is:
The drug used in the first line of the treatment of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in children is:
Voluntary control of the anal sphincter should be achieved in children before:
Indicate the sign or symptom which is not typical of acute epiglottitis in a 3-year-old child:
A type of monogenic diabetes characterized by autosomal dominant inheritance and constantly elevated fasting glycemia which generally does not require pharmacological treatment is:
A 7-year-old boy is under psychiatric care due to learning disabilities and behavioral problems. Recently, neurologic deterioration that includes hearing loss and visual deficits has been recognized. The plasma concentration of very long chain fatty acids is elevated. What is the probable diagnosis?
Complete blood count: WBC 126,2 G/L, LY 33,61 G/L, MO 82,95 G/L, NE 9,62 G/L, RBC 3,82 T/L, Hgb 10,8 g/dL, MCV 84,6 fl, PLT 48 G/L suggests the diagnosis of:
What are the indications for prophylactic cervical cerclage?
Volkmann's syndrome from ischemia usually occurs after a fracture of:
Paralytic ileus can be caused by:
Which stage of lower limb ischemia in the Fontaine classification is characterized with intermittent claudication?
Which of the following organs is resected during Whipple's operation with Traverso modification?
Ogilvie syndrome means:
Indicate the true statements concerning bile peritonitis:
1) it results from the irritation of the peritoneum by the bile;
2) diagnostic puncture of the peritoneal cavity that shows the fluid stained with blood allows formulating the diagnosis;
3) evolution of the symptoms (their temporal regression) may resemble the perforation of the gastric ulcer;
4) if the diagnosis is confirmed, the first-line treatment is conservative, with broadspectrum antibiotic therapy;
5) the presence of perforation of the gallbladder wall is necessary for diagnosis;
6) medical history of cholecystectomy allows excluding the diagnosis.
The correct answer is:
Indicate the false statement concerning the epidemiology of pancreatic cancer:
Extranodal lymphoma is most commonly localized in:
Which of the following is a late symptom of acute limb ischemia?
Which of the following can be classified as the grade II according to Hinchey classification of complications caused by diverticulitis?
At doctor's office a young male presents with the symptoms of sprained ankle with large hematoma, marked edema and acute pain, suggesting an injury of the joint capsule. The gypsum cast should be applied for:
Emergency indications for surgery in a patient with Crohn disease:
Parkland formula is used for:
“This type of burn involves the full thickness of the epidermis and partially of the dermis. However, it does not extends below the dermis. The skin at the site of the burn is pale, sometimes pink or reddish. After healing contracted scars are present”. To which stage of burns does the above description refer?
A 58-year-old, obese patient called at the family doctor because of abdominal pain, high fever with shivering and a yellowish shade of the eye whites which occurred several hours before her visit. After arriving at the emergency department CNS symptoms occurred in the form of conscious disturbances. The described signs and symptoms indicate:
Which of the following diseases leads to loss of angle of Hiss?
Which of the following is the most common cause of the mechanical ileus in the lower
gastrointestinal tract?
Which of the following operations can be performed in the case of adenocarcinoma
localized in the sigmoid colon?
A patient was admitted to the surgical ward in duty hours. The patient needs urgent surgery but he receives chronic anticoagulant therapy with vitamin K antagonist (VKA). Which of the following should be used to reverse VKA action promptly?
If the victim of drowning survives 24 hours after the accident, than it is referred to as:
The possible causes of hypokalemia do not include:
Obstetrical complications that may lead to disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) do not include:
The best method to diagnose fetal hemolytic disease is:
Azoospermia is defined as:
A patient presents at the gynecological outpatient clinic on the 12 day after the radical hysterectomy due to endometrial hyperplasia with atypia. She complains of a constant outflow of urine from the vagina. Which of the following should be suspected?
A young female patient gave birth to her child about a year ago through the vaginal delivery, after which curettage was necessary because of fragments of the placenta did not separate from the uterus. She stopped breastfeeding 4 months ago, but the periods have not reoccurred yet. Her medical history may suggest:
The genetic syndrome with autosomal dominant inheritance most similar phenotypically to Turner syndrome is?
The most common symptom reported by patients with vulvar cancer:
Indicate the true set of physiological changes in the circulatory system of pregnant women:
A woman who is rhesus negative undergoes spontaneous miscarriage at 14 week. What dose of anti D immunoglobulin should she receive?
Assessment of the location of the fundal height is an important part of obstetrical examination. The fundus of the uterus at 24 week of gestation is normally located:
Which of following is not an advantage of Pfannenstiel incision?
Vaginal bleeding and hypogastric pain occurred in a 25-year-old patient in 8 week of gestation. Gynecological examination showed the thinning of the cervix, and cervical dilation with parts of the gestational sac visible in the internal orifice. Indicate the correct diagnosis and the management of choice:
During menstruation, the volume of blood loss SHOULD NOT exceed:
Which of the following is the most probable diagnosis in the case of impaired fertility, chronic pelvic pain, painful periods, and dyspareunia?
Microscopic evaluation of the material obtained at the outer opening of the cervix is called cervical smear (Papanicolaou test) and is used to diagnose precancerous states or cervical cancer. Which of the following should be advised in the case of the abnormal result of cervical smear - HSIL (high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion)?
Routine obstetric ultrasounds between 11 weeks and 14 weeks of gestational age do not include:
Which of the following are indications for first-trimester complex prenatal diagnosis?
1) advanced maternal age (at least 35 years at the expected time of delivery);
2) giving birth to a child with genetic disorders in the past;
3) increased nuchal translucency (NT) values;
4) preeclampsia in the previous pregnancy;
5) oligohydramnios.
The correct answer is:
Which of the following parameters is not included in the assessment of the fetal biophysical profile?
Which of the following medications is the safest in pregnant women?
Which f the following is preferred for the treatment of gastropharyngeal reflux disease in women during the firs trimester of pregnancy?
Oligohydramnios is defined as the decrease in the volume of amniotic fluid below:
Laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair with alloplastic material is classified as:
The total dose of N-acetylcysteine used intravenously in paracetamol intoxication amounts to:
The Mallampati classification is used to predict the difficulties in endotracheal intubation. What class according to this classification is assigned to the situation where the soft palate is not visible in a patient with their mouth open?
A resuscitation performed in an obese person can be difficult because of:
Which of the following laboratory test is the first critical parameter determined in unconscious patient’s blood at the emergency department?
Main signs and symptoms of concussion do not include:
The 3rd class in ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) physical status classification system denotes:
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia include:
The somatic signs of anorexia include:
Which of the following is primarily used in the therapy of patients with personality disorder?
Indications for electroconvulsive therapy include:
Which of the following is not a normothymic agent?
Which of the following medications are used to treat dementia in Alzheimer’s disease?
1) mianserin;
2) mirtazapine;
3) memantine;
4) rivastigmine;
5) duloxetine.
The correct answer is:
MMSE (Mini Mental State Examination) and clock-drawing test are recommended for the screening for:
Disordered ‘content’ of thinking includes:
1) mood-neutral delusions;
2) mood-congruent delusions;
3) overvalued ideas;
4) magical thinking;
5) mutism.
The correct answer is:
Which of the following is not characteristic of acute confusional state?
How long should symptoms last to allow the diagnosis of a depressive episode?
There is no recorded question. A question selected from LEKs 2008-2017. Formal thinking disorders do not include:
There is no recorded question. A question selected from LEKs 2008-2017. During treatment with lithium salts one should take into account its unfavorable influence on the function of:
Pharmacological treatment should be initiated immediately after diagnosis of:
The first postnatal care home visit- during which medical history and physical examination of the child, assessment of physical development and head circumference, also jaundice and basic neurological evaluation and the screening for congenital dysplasia of the hips- according to the law, is paid by:
Indicate the true statements concerning the screening examination for congenital dysplasia of the hip:
1. it includes physical examination- Ortolani and Barlow maneuvers;
2. Ortolani and Barlow maneuvers are used in neonates and infants under 5 months of age;
3. radiographic assessment of the hips is also as the screening procedure;
4. ultrasound imaging of the hips is also as the screening examination;
5. ultrasound examination of the hips is performed between 4 and 6 week of life.
The correct answer is:
Indicate the false statement concerning the management of streptococcal pharyngitis;
Which of the following activities are characteristic of six-month- old infants?
The dietetic treatment of hypercholesterolemia includes, among others, limited consumption of trans isomers of unsaturated fatty acids that are present in:
A 5-year-old child presents with his mother to obtain a vaccination against flue. The medical documentation shows that child underwent 10-day antibiotic therapy because of streptococcal pharyngitis which was withdrawn two weeks ago. Which of the following should be recommended?
A 45-year-old female with type 2 diabetes visited her family doctor to obtain prescriptions to continue her anti-hypertensive therapy. Occasionally performed urinalysis showed leucocytes, 20-30 per high power field and numerous bacteria. Which of the following should be advised?
Prediabetic states include:
Monogenic diabetes inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, manifested only by elevated fasting glycemia and not requiring treatment:
Which of the following cannot be a preventive measure, ordered by the court, for a mentally ill patient who committed a crime?
An old Latin maxim: “Salus aegroti suprema lex esto”, invoked in the Code of Medical Ethics, means that it is the moral duty of the physician to:
A long-term female partner of the deceased patient comes to the doctor’s office and demands revealing the secrets of the disease her partner suffered from. During his life, the patient expressed the will not to disclose the information covered by medical secrecy to his female partner. According to the Act of 5 December 1996 on the Professions of Physician and Dentist, the physician:
A woman whose only chance to survive is bone marrow transplant comes to the hospital. Searching for the donor failed, but the test results of tissue compatibility antigens indicate that her minor son could be the donor. Taking bone marrow from the minor in order to transplant it to his mother:
According to the Act on the Professions of Physician and Dentist, the right to perform the profession of doctor and the right to perform the profession of dentist (in other words, the medical license) is granted by:
What should the doctor do when he examines or provides health services to a patient who is unable to give consent (due to health or old age)?
In accordance with the Law on cash benefits from social insurance in the case of disease and maternity, medical rulings on temporary incapacity for work can be issued for the period not longer than three days prior to the day of the examination of the insured if the results indicate that the insured was undoubtedly unable to work in that period. Who can issue the medical ruling for the period longer than three days prior to the day of the examination?
Which of the following diseases is not included in the list of occupational diseases contained in the Regulation of the Council of Ministers of 30 June 2009 on occupational diseases?
Which of the following codes is given on the medical ruling concerning temporary incapacity for work or stay in a stationary healthcare unit if the temporary incapacity for work was caused by alcohol abuse?
According to NCD Risk Factor Collaboration studies published in 2016 (eLife 2016;5:e13410), among men born in 1996 the tallest are the Dutch, whose height on average is 182.5 cm, and the 95% level of confidence is 180.6-184.5 cm. The probability that the average height of the Dutch falls outside that level is:
Epidemiology as a science deals with the assessment of:
The most common causes of deaths in men are:
Health policy programs are developed and implemented by:
The method of cardiovascular disease prevention which belongs to high risk strategy is:
What is the Declaration of Helsinki from 1964 about?
Which of the following deaths are termed as premature death?
In August 2017 Madagascar recorded the largest outbreak of plague in the decade. As of 12 October 2017 there were 560 cases of plague comprising 394 cases of pneumonic plague, 143 cases of bubonic plague, 1 case of septicemic plague and 22 cases of clinically undefined plague. 57 deaths were recorded. Madagascar has a population of 24.9 million people. The fatality rate expressed as a percentage is:
What are the typical symptoms in acute glomerulonephritis?
An 86-year-old woman reported to the ER due to alternating constipation with diarrhea for a week, also fecal vomiting occurred. The patient lost 12 kg in the last 3 months, did not use any diet. In the examination, the abdomen was soft, bloated, without peritoneal symptoms, audible peristalsis during the examination, per rectum examination showed a blood trail on the glove and an empty rectal ampulla. The most appropriate procedure in this case is:
The Sengstaken-Blakemore tube is used to:
Indicate the true statement regarding mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes:
Indicate the false sentence about whooping cough:
A 42-year-old patient, suffering from type 1 diabetes mellitus since 7 years of age, notices the increase in his systolic blood pressure up to 150-160 mmHg by home measurements. He has undergone several treatments with laser therapy for proliferative retinopathy in the last years. For several months he has usually woken up 2-3 times in the night to void urine. The described signs and symptoms suggest with the highest probability the diagnosis of:
A 72-year-old woman comes to the office because of a pain in both knees lasting for more than one year. The pain increases when she is active, but subsides with rest. She also complains of stiffness in both knees, especially when she has been sitting for a while. What is the most probable diagnosis?
The treatment of aggravated symptoms of alcohol withdrawal syndrome includes:
1) hydration of the patient;
2) correction of electrolyte and vitamin deficiencies;
3) use of benzodiazepines;
4) use of SSRI agents.
The correct answer is:
Which of the following is the cause of anemia in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome?
After falling from height a 35-year-old male with head trauma was transported to the emergency department. On admission his heart rate is 135/min, BP 80/40 mmHg, breath rate 20/min. Which of the following is the most probable cause of the hypotension?
Members of the specialized ambulance team located a male breathing with difficulty at the site of the accident. Which of the following actions are the most useful in establishing the primary diagnosis?
1) chest percussion;
2) breath rate assessment;
3) chest auscultation;
4) evaluation of saturation.
The correct answer is:
What measures should the doctor take while examining the patient or providing them with other medical services without the patient’s consent (due to their poor health condition or age)?
The Code of Medical Ethics prohibits physicians from:
The so called “conscience clause” refers to:
The doctor determines that the prognosis for the patient is unfavourable and that passing on this information to them may harm the good of the patient. What in light of the law may the doctor do?
According to the Act on the Patient’s Rights and the Commissioner for Patients' Rights, the patient has the right to:
1) give consent for specific healthcare services;
2) refuse consent for specific healthcare services;
3) free-of-charge information on the patient’s rights set out in this Act;
4) free-of-charge extracts, duplicates, copies or printouts of their medical documentation;
5) free-of-charge legal advice in the area of medical and health insurance law.
The correct answer is:
The possible causes of cervical incompetence include:
1) inherited disorders;
2) traumas of the cervix;
3) state after the cervical conization;
4) multiple pregnancy.
The correct answer is:
Which of the following are maternal risk factors for the breech position?
1) defects of the uterus which impair fetal rotation;
2) leiomyomas of the uterus;
3) narrow pelvis;
4) excessively wide pelvis;
5) multiparity.
The correct answer is:
Uterine leiomyomas are the most frequent benign neoplasms of the uterus. Indicate the false statement concerning their symptoms:
What is the most common location of arterial embolism?
Indicate the false statement concerning thyroid cancer:
Which of the following are risk factors for exercise-induced urinary incontinence?
1) young age;
2) BMI < 30 kg/m ;
3) chronic constipation;
4) taking diuretics or anti-hypertensive medications;
5) chronic diseases with coughing.
The correct answer is:
A heterotopic pregnancy may be a complication of an assisted reproductive program and denotes:
Indicate the false statement concerning hormonal contraception:
The incubation period of hepatitis A in children is:
Which of the following is most commonly used in the pharmacological treatment of vasovagal syncope in children?
Which of the following is not a cause of cardiogenic syncope in children?
Which of the following cannot be a symptom of acute adrenocortical insufficiency in children?
The presence of abscesses, emphysema bladders, pneumothorax and pleural abscess in the radiological image of the lungs in a child indicates the diagnosis of:
The laboratory tests ordered at the ER show a high NT-proBNP concentration in a patient with dyspnea. Which of the following is the least probable cause of dyspnea, in light of the obtained result?
Meckel's diverticulum consists of:
In which of the following patients should drug treatment for hypertension be initiated immediately?